Furthermore, based on their potential application and strong inhibitory activity against pests, these synthetic pesticides dominate the market and have a significant impact on the manufacture of products. They are known to cause cancers and foetal impairments and they persist in the environment for many years (i.e., they are nonbiodegradable). The chemical pesticides used in crop protection, to reduce the damage caused by pathogens and pests in agricultural fields, pose many long-term threats and risks to living beings due to their harmful side effects. Biopesticides, which are pest management agents based on living microorganisms or natural products, offer a great promise in controlling yield loss without compromising the quality of the product. Abiotic stress can be largely controlled by the use of biostimulants and bioeffectors. Enhanced agricultural productivity can be achieved in many ways, such as through increasing crop yield by providing manure and organic-based treatments, including biopesticides, or by limiting yield loss due to extreme environmental conditions (such as biotic and abiotic stresses).

In order to overcome these challenges and meet the requirements for food and supplies, the productivity and sustainability of agricultural practices should be improved and novel and improved strategies must be found. Anthropogenic activities have affected people’s surroundings and have also had negative impacts on the environment and ecosystems, including reductions in agricultural areas due to construction, the explosion of nutrient mining, degradation, and contamination of water resources (resulting in scarcity), aggregation of xenobiotics in the soils, and degeneration and deterioration of the quality, fertility, and efficiency of soil, with implications of soil erosion and climate change.

This has imposed a large burden on agriculture and its allied sectors in terms of meeting food demands, which requires more inputs for crop production.

The global population is exploding at an exponential rate and is anticipated to reach approximately 9.7 billion by 2050, the largest share of which is in Africa and Asia.

Eco global survival tree stump?